Tropical Cyclone WarningIf Typhoon Signal No. 8 or above is issued, Blue Care Medical Centres will be closed-while the warning signal is in force.-Depending on the traffic and weather conditions, we will resume services gradually in 2 hours after the Typhoon Signal No. 8 or above is cancelled.-Black Rainstorm Warning SignalIf Black Rainstorm Warning Signal is issued before the clinic session, Blue Care Medical Centres will be closed-while the warning signal is in force. However, clinic remains openif he Black Rainstorm Signal is issued during the clinic session.-Depending on the traffic and weather conditions, we will resume normal services as soon as possible in 2 hours after the Black Rainstorm Warning Signal is cancelled.-Patients who have made their clinic appointments are advised to contact and confirm with the clinic before arrival, and clinic staff will contact the booked appointments for rearrangement.

Please informed that new consultation fee will be adjusted as follows with effective 1 January 2026 :-ClinicNew consultation fee (HK$)Central$550 (exclude any medication) Kwun Tong$420 (include 3 days’ basic medication)-Please click here-for more details.-Central clinic Tel : 2523 1808Address : 10/F, 33 Des Voeux Road Central, Central, Hong Kong(MTR Central Station Exit “B” or Hong Kong Station Exit “C”)-Kwun Tong clinic Tel : 2523 9383Address: Unit 2802, 28/F, BEA Tower, Millennium City 5, 418 Kwun Tong Road, Kowloon (MTR Kwun Tong Station Exit “A2”)

In recent years, Hong Kong's weather has become increasingly hot, with 2024 marking a record-breaking year for high temperatures in the city. According to reports, Hong Kong broke 35 temperature records, reaching highs of 35.7 °C in 2024, making it the hottest year in the city's history . This trend is concerning, especially given the potential risks of heat-related illnesses.-Outdoor workers are particularly vulnerable to these conditions. A survey revealed that 60% of Hong Kong’s outdoor workers experience symptoms of heat stroke. Heat stroke and heat exhaustion are two serious health concerns that can arise from prolonged exposure to extreme heat. Therefore, understanding these conditions can help reduce the risk of heat-related illnesses.-What is Heat Exhaustion?Heat exhaustion is a condition that results from prolonged exposure to high temperatures, typically accompanied by dehydration. It is often seen in situations where a person is exposed to excessive heat for an extended period or engages in strenuous physical activities in hot weather. -What Are the Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion?The body loses a significant amount of water and salt, which can lead to the onset of symptoms such as:·Heavy sweating·Dizziness or light-headedness·Nausea or vomiting·Headache·Fainting or weakness-Several factors can increase the risk of heat exhaustion, including:·High humidity: Elevated humidity levels can prevent sweat from evaporating efficiently, making it harder for the body to cool down.·Strenuous physical activity: Engaging in physical exertion during hot weather, particularly for prolonged periods, places additional strain on the body’s ability to regulate temperature.·Wearing heavy clothing: Clothing that traps heat and prevents the evaporation of sweat can exacerbate the symptoms of heat exhaustion.-If left untreated, heat exhaustion can escalate into more severe heat-related conditions, including heat stroke.-What is Heat Stroke?Heat stroke is a much more severe condition than heat exhaustion. It occurs when the body’s core temperature rises to dangerously high levels, typically above 40°C (104°F) . This condition is a medical emergency and requires immediate intervention. -What Are the Symptoms of Heat Stroke?·Symptoms of heat stroke include:·Confusion or altered mental state· Slurred speech· Rapid or weak pulse· Hot, dry skin (lack of sweating)· Loss of consciousness or fainting-Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition, and if not treated immediately, it can cause organ damage or even be fatal. It typically occurs when heat exhaustion is left untreated, and the body’s cooling mechanisms fail to keep up with the rising temperature.-How to Prevent Heat Stroke & Heat ExhaustionPreventing heat stroke and heat exhaustion is critical, especially during periods of extreme heat. Below are several preventive measures that can help reduce the risks:-Stay hydratedIt is essential to drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to avoid dehydration. Water helps regulate body temperature and replace fluids lost through sweating. Electrolyte-rich drinks can also help maintain the balance of salts and minerals in the body.Wear appropriate clothingLoose-fitting, light-colored clothing allows for better air circulation and helps keep the body cool. Additionally, wearing hats or using sunscreen can protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun.Limit physical activityAvoid strenuous outdoor activities during the hottest parts of the day, typically between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. If physical activity is necessary, take frequent breaks and rest in the shade or a cool area.Use fans and air conditioningWhenever possible, stay indoors in air-conditioned spaces or use fans to help cool the environment. This is especially important for vulnerable groups, such as children, the elderly, or individuals with pre-existing health conditions.Monitor vulnerable groupsEnsure that young children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic health conditions are closely monitored during extreme heat. They are more susceptible to heat-related illnesses and may not be able to regulate their body temperature effectively.-What to Do in Case of Heat ExhaustionIf someone shows symptoms of heat exhaustion, it is important to act quickly:Assist the person to a cooler environmentRelocate them to a shaded or air-conditioned area to help lower their body temperature.Provide cool waterOffer small sips of cool water to help rehydrate the individual. Avoid offering drinks that contain caffeine or alcohol, as they can dehydrate the body further.Encourage restAllow the personto rest and recover in a cool environment. Avoid any further physical exertion until they have fully recovered.-If the symptoms worsen or do not improve with these steps, seek medical attention immediately, as heat exhaustion can escalate into heat stroke.-What to Do in Case of Heat StrokeHeat stroke is a medical emergency. If heat stroke is suspected, follow these steps:Call emergency services immediatelyHeat stroke requires urgent medical attention. Call 999 or your local emergency number to get immediate help.Cool the person downWhile waiting for medical help, attempt to cool the person down by moving them to a shaded or air-conditioned area. Use cool water, ice packs, or fans to reduce their body temperature. Ice packs should be placed on areas like the armpits, groin, neck, and wrists, as these areas contain large blood vessels that can help cool the body more effectively.Do not attempt to give fluidsUnlike heat exhaustion, individuals with heat stroke may be unconscious or unable to swallow, so avoid giving them any fluids.-Prompt action is critical to prevent long-term damage or death from heat stroke.-What is the Difference Between Heat Exhaustion and Heat StrokeUnderstanding the key differences between heat stroke and heat exhaustion is crucial for proper identification and effective management of these conditions. The main distinctions lie in core temperature, symptoms, severity, and treatment.-ConditionHeat ExhaustionHeat StrokeCore TemperatureLess than 40°C (104°F) Above 40°C (104°F)SymptomsHeavy sweating, dizziness, nausea, fatigueConfusion, slurred speech, hot skin (lack of sweating),unconsciousnessSeverityLess severe, but can progress to heat strokeLife-threatening, requires immediate medical attentionTreatmentRest, oral hydration, and a cool environmentImmediate medical attention with intravenous fluid, and cooling the body down with ice packs-It is important to note that while heat exhaustion can often be managed with rest and hydration, heat stroke is an emergency situation requiring immediate intervention.-Staying Safe in Extreme Heat: Key TakeawaysRecognizing the symptoms of heat stroke and heat exhaustion, and understanding the differences between these two conditions, is essential to staying safe in extreme heat. Proactive measures, such as staying hydrated, wearing appropriate clothing, and limiting physical activity during the hottest parts of the day, can significantly reduce the risks. In cases where these conditions do occur, swift action is required to prevent further harm. -By being aware of the symptoms and treatment strategies for heat-related illnesses, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from the dangers of heat stroke and heat exhaustion.-Blue Care Consultation ServicesBlue Care Medical Centres staffed with highly qualified family doctors provide family doctor consultation.-For appointment, please contact Blue Care Medical Centre.-Central clinic Tel : 2523 1808Address : 10/F, 33 Des Voeux Road Central, Central, Hong Kong(MTR Central Station Exit “B” or Hong Kong Station Exit “C”)-Kwun Tong clinic Tel : 2523 9383Address: Unit 2802, 28/F, BEA Tower, Millennium City 5, 418 Kwun Tong Road, Kowloon (MTR Kwun Tong Station Exit “A2”)-Reference:1. Earth.org. (2025). Hong Kong breaks 35 temperature records in 2024, hottest year in city's history. Retrieved from https://earth.org/hong-kong-breaks-35-temperature-records-in-2024-hottest-year-in-citys-history/2.Hong Kong Free Press. (2023). 60% of Hong Kong outdoor workers suffer heatstroke symptoms despite new warning system, survey finds. Retrieved from https://hongkongfp.com/2023/09/06/60-of-hong-kong-outdoor-workers-suffer-heatstroke-symptoms-despite-new-warning-system-survey-finds/3.Mayo Clinic. (2024). Heat stroke: Symptoms, causes, and treatment. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heat-stroke/symptoms-causes/syc-20353581

The Vaccination Subsidy Scheme 2026/27 will be launched. Eligible persons can present relevant supporting document to receive influenza vaccination subsidy at Blue Care Medical Centre without extra charge._The eligible groups are Hong Kong residents who are:– Pregnancy women– Aged 50 years or above– Children between 6 months tounder 18 years or attending secondary schools in Hong Kong– Persons receiving disability allowance– Persons with Intellectual Disability– Persons who are recipients of standard rate of “100% disabled” or “requiring constant attendance” under Comprehensive Social Security Assistance– Persons aged 18 to 49 years with specified chronic medical conditions (New eligible group)-Please contact Blue Care Medical Centre for vaccination appointment.-Central clinic Tel : 2523 1808Address : 10/F, 33 Des Voeux Road Central, Central, Hong Kong(MTR Central Station Exit “B” or Hong Kong Station Exit “C”)-Kwun Tong clinic Tel : 2523 9383Address: Unit 2802, 28/F, BEA Tower, Millennium City 5, 418 Kwun Tong Road, Kowloon (MTR Kwun Tong Station Exit “A2”)-For more details, please click:FAQs on Flu Vaccine (Source: Hong Kong Department of Health)Possible Side Effects of Influenza Vaccine

Warts can be frustrating, especially on visible areas like the face, hands, or feet. In Hong Kong’s hot and humid climate, frequent sweating and prolonged skin moisture may increase the risk of developing warts. Public spaces like locker rooms also make spreading the virus easier. Preventing and treating warts can help you manage them effectively and reduce their impact on daily life.-What Are Warts?Warts are benign, noncancerous growths that develop when HPV infects the outer layer of the skin. HPV is the primary cause of warts, but only a few of its 100+ strains lead to wart growth. They are among the most common viral skin conditions, affecting an estimated 10%of the global population. Some types of HPV cause warts on the hands and feet, while others are responsible for genital warts, which are sexually transmitted. Although warts are not medically serious, they can be bothersome. Depending on their size and location, they may cause discomfort, affect self-esteem, and even make everyday tasks such as walking or wearing shoes uncomfortable.-What Does a Wart Look Like? Warts vary in appearance depending on their type and location. Some are dome-shaped, while others are flat or rough with a bumpy texture. Certain types resemble small calluses or cauliflower-like clusters. They can be flesh-colored, white, pink, or slightly brown, blending with the skin's natural tone. Small black dots may sometimes appear on the wart’s surface as these are clotted blood vessels supplying nutrients. The size of warts can also vary, from a few milimeters to several centimeters in diameter.-Are Warts Contagious?HPV spreads readily through direct and indirect contact, so warts are considered highly contagious. The virus can pass from one person to another through skin-to-skin contact, such as handshakes or touching an infected area. It can also spread indirectly through shared objects, like razors, towels, gym equipment, or footwear. Even minor skin abrasions make it easier for HPV to enter the body, increasing the risk of developing warts. Public spaces like swimming pools provide ideal conditions for spreading the virus, especially when people walk barefoot on damp surfaces.-Where Do Warts Normally Appear?Warts can develop anywhere on the body but most commonly affect the hands, feet, and genital area. Each type has distinct characteristics that come with it, requiring different treatment and prevention strategies.-Hands and Fingers (Common Warts)Warts on the hands and fingers, also known as common warts, are frequently seen. These warts have a rough, grainy surface and often develop around the fingernails or joints, where the skin experiences regular pressure and movement. They can cause mild pain, especially when they grow near the nail bed, making simple activities like writing or typing uncomfortable. Common warts spread quickly through direct contact with contaminated surfaces, such as doorknobs, shared pens, or towels.-Treatment and Prevention of Common WartsOver-the-counter remedies like salicylic acid work by gradually peeling away infected skin layers. Cryotherapy is used for more persistent warts, in which liquid nitrogen freezes and destroys the wart. Laser therapy is another option.-Good hand hygiene is the first step to preventing common warts. Keeping hands clean and moisturized helps maintain a strong skin barrier, reducing the risk of HPV entering through small cuts or abrasions. Avoiding direct contact with infected surfaces, such as touching door handles with tissue, can also lower the chances of getting warts. If you already have warts, covering them with a bandage can prevent their unintentional spread to other parts of your body.-Foot Warts (Plantar Warts)Foot warts, also known as Plantar Warts, develop on the feet's soles, heels, or balls. Unlike common warts, which grow outward, plantar warts tend to grow inward due to the pressure from walking and standing. This can cause significant discomfort or pain, especially if the wart forms on a weight-bearing area.-Plantar warts are highly contagious and spread through direct contact with HPV, often in warm, moist environments. The virus thrives in public swimming pools, locker rooms, and communal showers. Walking barefoot in these areas increases the risk of infection, especially if the skin has minor cuts or abrasions. Because plantar warts can be stubborn and painful, early treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent them from spreading further.-Treatment and Prevention of Plantar WartsPlantar warts have treatment options similar to common warts, including salicylic acid to break down the wart tissue or cryotherapy to freeze and remove it. If they persist or cause significant discomfort, doctors may recommend other treatments, such as laser therapy or minor surgical removal.-Since plantar warts are commonly contracted in damp environments, prevention focuses on foot hygiene and protective measures. To help reduce the risk of infection, feet should be kept clean and thoroughly dried, especially between the toes. Walking barefoot in public areas such as swimming pools and locker rooms increases the likelihood of exposure to HPV, so wearing sandals or flip-flops in these spaces is essential. It’s also advised not to share footwear, socks, or towels.-Genital WartsGenital warts are a type of skin infection that appears on or around the genitals and anal area. They are primarily transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. Unlike common warts, genital warts tend to be softer and flesh-colored, sometimes forming clusters that resemble small cauliflower-like growths.- Symptoms may appear anywhere from two weeks to eight months after exposure to the virus. In men, genital warts often develop as small, painless lumps on the penis, scrotum, or around the anus. In women, they typically form on the vulva, inside the vagina, or around the cervix, sometimes causing itching or mild discomfort. While genital warts are not life-threatening, they can be persistent and may require medical treatment to remove.--Treatment and Prevention of Genital WartsUnlike other types of warts, genital warts generally require medical attention. While they cannot be permanently cured, treatments can help remove visible growths and manage symptoms. Doctors may recommend cryotherapy or electrocautery, which involves burning off the warts with an electrical current. Prescription creams stimulate the immune system and help the body fight the virus.-Preventing genital warts can start with practicing safer sex. Using condoms consistently and properly can reduce but not eliminate the risk of HPV transmission. Only having one sexual partner who is not infected and who is only having sex with you will drastically reduce the probability of contracting genital warts. It’s essential to receive the HPV vaccination to prevent genital warts and also cervical cancer. Keeping the genital area clean and avoiding scented soaps or bath oils can prevent irritation and further discomfort.-Say Goodbye to WartsEffective Prevention and TreatmentWarts are a common yet frustrating skin condition that can affect daily life. While not life-threatening, they are contagious and can persist for months or even years without treatment. Taking proactive steps to protect your skin, maintain good hygiene, and seek treatment when necessary can help keep warts under control. Whether you have common warts on your hands, plantar warts on your feet, or genital warts, understanding the causes and treatment options can make managing this condition much easier.-Remarks:1. Warts. (2024). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15045-warts2. Visual Guide to Warts. (2023). WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ss/slideshow-warts3. Common warts. (2024). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-warts/diagnosis-treatment/drc-203711314. Men's Health Line - Genital Wart (2022). Centre for Health Protection. Available from: https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/static/80039.html

In Hong Kong, skin lesions such as moles, warts, and keratoses are common, with over 1,000 new cases of non-melanoma skin cancer reported in 2022 alone . While the majority of these lesions are benign, they can cause discomfort, affect appearance, or be indicative of underlying health issues. Fortunately, dermatology clinics across Hong Kong offer a range of effective treatments to address these concerns.-This guide aims to provide an overview of four common procedures used to treat skin lesions: skin curettage, cryotherapy, cauterization, and excision. Understanding these options can help you make informed decisions about your skin health and when to seek professional care.-What Are Skin Lesions and Why Are They Removed?A skin lesion refers to any abnormality on the skin, ranging from moles and warts to skin tags and keratoses. While most of these lesions are benign and non-cancerous, they may still require removal for a variety of reasons:-1. Cosmetic concerns: Some people prefer to remove lesions that affect their appearance, such as unsightly moles or growths.2. Medical reasons: In certain cases, a lesion might need to be removed to check for skin cancer or other underlying conditions.3. Discomfort: Lesions that rub against clothing or cause irritation may need to be removed for comfort.-The good news is that most procedures for removing skin lesions are quick, safe, and performed on an outpatient basis, with minimal risk and downtime.-1. Skin CurettageWhat It IsSkin curettage is a procedure where a sharp, spoon-like instrument called a curette is used to scrape off a lesion from the skin. This method is useful for removing superficial growths such as warts, seborrheic keratoses, and basal cell carcinomas.How It WorksThe dermatologist carefully scrapes away the affected skin, often using local anesthesia to ensure the procedure is painless. Curettage may be combined with other treatments, such as cryotherapy or cauterization, to ensure complete removal and reduce the risk of recurrence.Healing and AftercareCurettage usually has a fast recovery time, with many patients experiencing minimal discomfort afterwards. Some mild scabbing or redness is normal, but with proper aftercare, healing is typically quick. It’s important to keep the treated area clean and avoid scratching or picking at the scab to prevent infection.-2. CryotherapyWhat It IsCryotherapy involves using extremely cold liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue. This treatment is effective for a variety of skin lesions, including warts, actinic keratoses, and skin tags.How It WorksDuring the procedure, the dermatologist applies liquid nitrogen to the lesion, causing the skin to freeze. The freezing sensation can be uncomfortable for a few seconds, but it is usually tolerable. Over the next few days, the treated area will blister and eventually fall off as the skin heals.Healing and AftercareCryotherapy typically results in some mild blistering and discomfort, but the healing process usually takes 1 to 2 weeks. While there is a small risk of scarring, this method is considered safe and efficient. Cryotherapy is often performed in local clinics and is particularly popular due to its simplicity and effectiveness.-3.CauterizationWhat It IsCauterization is a procedure that uses heat or chemicals to burn tissue, either to remove a lesion or to stop bleeding. There are two main methods of cauterization: electric cautery (using a heated probe) and chemical cautery (using a caustic substance).How It WorksCauterization can be used for a variety of lesions, from small warts to larger growths. The heat or chemical applied to the tissue destroys the abnormal cells, and in some cases, helps seal blood vessels to prevent further bleeding. Cauterization is often used after curettage or on its own for smaller lesions.Healing and AftercareThis method typically leads to a faster healing time compared to more invasive procedures, although there may be some scarring. It’s important to follow proper aftercare to minimize scarring and ensure a smooth recovery.-4. Lesion Excision/Excision BiopsyWhat It IsLesion excision involves cutting out the entire lesion and sometimes a small amount of surrounding tissue. This procedure is ideal for suspicious moles, cysts, or lesions that need to be biopsied to rule out skin cancer.How It WorksExcision is usually performed under local anesthesia to numb the area. The dermatologist will use a scalpel to remove the lesion and any surrounding tissue, followed by suturing the wound. The excised tissue may be sent for testing, especially if there is concern about malignancy.Healing and AftercareAfter excision, patients will need to care for the wound, keeping it clean and dry. Stitches are typically removed within 1–2 weeks. The healing time can vary, and there may be a scar, but with proper care, the scar is usually small and fades over time.-5. CO2 Laser TreatmentWhat It IsCO2 laser treatment uses focused laser light to precisely vaporize tissue, making it highly effective for treating lesions like warts, moles, and actinic keratoses. The laser’s precision allows for minimal surrounding tissue damage and can result in faster healing times.How It WorksThe CO2 laser is directed at the lesion, where it vaporizes the tissue layer by layer. The controlled nature of the laser means that only the abnormal tissue is affected, leaving healthy skin intact.Healing and AftercareThe healing process typically takes about 1–2 weeks. Some redness and slight scabbing may occur, but with proper care, the treated area heals with minimal scarring. CO2 laser treatment is particularly valued for its ability to remove lesions precisely with minimal impact on surrounding skin-How to Choose the Right ProcedureChoosing the right procedure for removing a skin lesion depends on several factors:●Type and Size of the Lesion: Smaller, superficial lesions may benefit from cryotherapy or curettage, while larger or deeper lesions might require excision.● Location: Lesions in certain areas (like the face) may require more careful consideration to minimize scarring.●Purpose: Some lesions are removed for cosmetic reasons, while others may need to be removed due to medical concerns like potential skin cancer.-Consulting with a dermatologist is essential to determine the best treatment for your specific situation. They will assess the lesion, its location, and your health history before recommending the right course of action.-Are These Procedures Safe?All of the procedures mentioned, skin curettage, cryotherapy, cauterisation, excision and CO2 Laser Treatment, are safe and commonly performed in dermatology clinics throughout Hong Kong. These procedures carry minimal risks, and complications are rare when performed by a qualified professional. A comprehensive review indicates that perioperative and postoperative complications in dermatologic surgery are infrequent, with an overall rate of 1% to 9%, and these are typically minor in nature .Most treatments are outpatient procedures, which means you can go home the same day, and the recovery time is generally short.-Caring for Your Skin After TreatmentProper aftercare is essential to ensure a smooth healing process. Here are some general tips:●Keep the area clean and dry to avoid infection.●Avoid scratching or picking at scabs or blisters.●Watch for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or pus. If you experience these, contact your doctor promptly.●Protect the treated area from the sun. Sun exposure can cause scarring and may even lead to the formation of new lesions.By following these aftercare instructions, you can help ensure that your skin heals properly and without complications.-Understanding Your Options for Safe Skin CareSkin curettage, cryotherapy, cauterization, excision and CO2 Laser Treatment are all effective and commonly used treatments for removing skin lesions. Whether you’re looking to remove a benign growth for cosmetic reasons or addressing a medical concern, these procedures are quick, low-risk, and widely practiced in Hong Kong. If you notice any changes to your skin, it’s important to consult with a dermatologist to determine the best course of action. Taking care of your skin with regular check-ups and proper aftercare can help keep your skin healthy and free of unwanted lesions.-Sources：1.Hong Kong Cancer Registry. (n.d.). Skin Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov.hk/en/hong_kong_cancer/common_cancers_in_hong_kong/skin_cancer.html2.American Society for Dermatologic Surgery. (n.d.). Curettage and Desiccation. Retrieved from https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/curettage-and-desiccation3.Cleveland Clinic. (2020). Cryotherapy. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21099-cryotherapy4.Canadian Cancer Society. (n.d.). Cauterization. Retrieved from https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/resources/glossary/c/cauterizationDermNet NZ. (2023). Excision of Skin Lesions. Retrieved from https://dermnetnz.org/topics/excision-of-skin-lesions5.UpToDate. (2024). Skin Surgery: Prevention and Treatment of Complications. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/skin-surgery-prevention-and-treatment-of-complications/print6.Medical News Today. (2025). What are CO2 lasers?. Retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-is-co2-laser

Blue Care Medical Centre provides the latest 15 - Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV15) vaccination service. Blue Care has joined Government Vaccination Schemes. The Enquiries and appointment is available now._According to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), Pneumonia ranks as the second leading cause of death in Hong Kong. Its mainly caused by serotype 3. Streptococcus pneumoniae causes a wide range of diseases, more common ones include middle ear infection (acute otitis media) and chest infection (pneumonia)._Price:HK$1,650 per doseSupplier:MSDSuitable for:The age of 6 weeks or above_Notes:1. Prior doctor assessment before the first vaccination is included.2. Full payment of all doses must be made in the first vaccination. 3. Any fees paid will not be transferable and will not be refundable.4. Offer is valid while stock lasts.

Allergic rhinitis is a widespread condition that affects individuals across all age groups. Characterized by symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, and itchy eyes, this allergic reaction is triggered by exposure to environmental allergens.-Studies have shown that allergic rhinitis has become increasingly common in Hong Kong over the past two decades. Among school-aged children, the number of those experiencing symptoms rose from around 44% in the mid-1990s to over 56% by 2015 . Factors such as air pollution, high humidity, and year-round exposure to indoor allergens contribute to this upward trend.-What is Allergic Rhinitis?Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory condition of the nasal passages that occurs when the immune system overreacts to certain airborne substances. These substances, known as allergens, are typically harmless to most people but can trigger a reaction in individuals with allergies.-There are two primary types of allergic rhinitis: seasonal and perennial. Seasonal allergic rhinitis tends to occur during specific times of the year, such as spring or autumn, when pollen counts are high. Perennial allergic rhinitis, on the other hand, is persistent throughout the year and usually caused by indoor allergens. Although not life-threatening, allergic rhinitis can significantly impact work performance, school attendance, sleep quality, and general well-being.-Common allergens include:●Dust mites●Pollen●Pet dander●Mold spores-Depending on the type of allergen and the timing of exposure, allergic rhinitis may be classified as:Seasonal allergic rhinitisPerennial allergic rhinitisOften triggered by outdoor allergens such as pollen from trees, grasses, or weeds.Caused by year-round exposure to indoor allergens such as dust mites and pet hair.-The immune system identifies these allergens as threats and releases histamines and other chemicals, leading to inflammation and symptoms in the nose, eyes, and throat.-Common Symptoms of Allergic RhinitisIndividuals with allergic rhinitis may experience a range of symptoms that vary in intensity. Common symptoms include:●Frequent sneezing●Runny or congested nose●Itchy nose, eyes, or throat●Watery eyes●Postnasal drip●Coughing●Fatigue due to poor sleep-These symptoms may be mistaken for the common cold, but unlike a cold, allergic rhinitis does not cause fever and may persist for weeks or longer. Individuals who experience symptoms regularly or during specific seasons should consider seeking medical advice for further evaluation.-Why Allergic Rhinitis is So Common in Hong KongSeveral environmental and lifestyle factors contribute to the high prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Hong Kong:● Air pollution: High levels of pollutants can aggravate the nasal passages and worsen allergic reactions.● Humidity: The humid climate supports the growth of mold and dust mites, which are common indoor allergens.●Urban living: Close quarters and limited ventilation in residential buildings can increase exposure to allergens.● Occupational exposure: Individuals working in environments with dust or chemicals may be at greater risk.-Additionally, increased awareness and improved diagnostic tools have led to higher rates of detection, particularly among children and the working population.-Diagnosis: How Is It Identified?Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis generally begins with a consultation that includes a detailed review of the patient’s medical history and a physical examination. Physicians will inquire about symptom frequency, duration, seasonal patterns, and any known or suspected triggers. This helps determine whether symptoms are consistent with allergic rhinitis or if other conditions, such as sinusitis or a common cold, may be involved.-If allergic rhinitis is suspected but the specific triggers are unclear, additional diagnostic tests may be recommended:Skin prick testA small drop of a suspected allergen is placed on the patient’s skin, usually on the forearm or back. The skin is then gently pricked so the allergen can enter the surface layer. If a red, raised bump appears within 15–20 minutes, it may indicate an allergic response. This test helps identify reactions to common allergens such as dust mites, pollen, mold, or pet dander.Blood tests (such as specific IgE testing)This involves drawing a blood sample to measure the presence of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. Blood tests are often used when skin testing is not advisable, such as in individuals with skin conditions, those taking certain medications, or young children.Nasal endoscopyIn cases where symptoms persist despite treatment or when physical blockages are suspected, a nasal endoscopy may be performed. This involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera into the nasal passages to examine the nasal lining and structures. It can help rule out structural issues such as nasal polyps, deviated septum, or chronic sinus inflammation.-In some cases, a combination of tests may be used to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the condition. Accurate diagnosis not only confirms the presence of allergic rhinitis but also helps identify the specific allergens responsible, allowing for more targeted treatment and long-term symptom control.-Treatment and Management OptionsManaging allergic rhinitis involves a combination of medication, lifestyle adjustments, and in some cases, immunotherapy.Medication.--Several medications are available to help control symptoms:-AntihistaminesReduce sneezing, itching, and runny nose by blocking histamines.Nasal corticosteroidsHelp decrease inflammation in the nasal passages.DecongestantsProvide short-term relief of nasal congestion.Leukotriene receptor antagonistsUsed for patients with concurrent asthma or more severe allergies-These medications may be available over the counter or by prescription and should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.-Lifestyle and Environmental ControlMinimizing exposure to allergens is a key component of long-term management. Recommended steps include:●Using air purifiers with HEPA filters●Regularly washing bed linens and curtains●Vacuuming with a HEPA filter-equipped cleaner ●Avoiding carpets and upholstered furniture●Keeping windows closed during high pollen periods●Showering and changing clothes after spending time outdoors-These measures can help reduce the allergen load in living and working environments, especially for those with perennial symptoms.-ImmunotherapyFor individuals who do not respond well to standard treatments or prefer a long-term solution, immunotherapy may be an option. This involves gradually exposing the immune system to increasing amounts of the allergen to build tolerance.-Types of immunotherapy include:● Allergy shots (subcutaneous immunotherapy)●Sublingual immunotherapy (tablets or drops placed under the tongue)-Immunotherapy is typically administered over several years and is most effective when tailored to specific allergens identified during testing.-Taking Control of Allergic RhinitisAllergic rhinitis is a common and manageable condition that affects a significant portion of the population in Hong Kong. It can have a substantial impact on quality of life, but with timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most individuals can achieve effective symptom control.-Whether through medication, lifestyle changes, or immunotherapy, managing allergic rhinitis requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both the symptoms and their underlying triggers. Individuals experiencing persistent or severe symptoms are encouraged to seek medical advice to develop a personalized management plan.-Sources:Lee, S.-L., Lau, Y.-L., Wong, W. H.-S., & Tian, L.-W. (2022). Childhood wheeze, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in Hong Kong: ISAAC study from 1995 to 2015. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24), 16503. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416503